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Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...f6
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Position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN)
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| Moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 f6 | |
| ECO code: C40 | |
| Parent: King's Knight Opening | |
| Responses: 3. Nxe5 | |
2...f6? · Damiano defence
[edit | edit source]Seeing the threat of Nf3, Black imagines they can protect their e pawn with 2...f6?. Unfortunately, f6's protection is only that: imaginary.
3. Nxe5 snaps off the pawn and opens up White's queen. Then if 3...fxe5? the typical refutation is 4. Qh5+! g6 5. Qxe5+ forking the king and Black's rook on h8. (5...Qe7 is the best try for Black. 6. Qxe7? and White only has two pawns for the knight. They must play 6. Qxh8 Qxe4+ 7. Kd1, getting a rook and two pawns for a knight and one pawn.)
4...Ke7 does not fair better: 5. Qxe5+ Kf7 6. Bc4+ d5 7. Bxd5+ Kg6 and White has three pawns for their knight, their bishop developed, and Black's king on the run.
Black can set a trap after 3. Nxe5 with 3...Qe7, hoping that White only half-remembers the refutation and proceeds 4. Qh4+? anyway, but this time 4...g6 and White has nowhere to go. 5. Nxg6 Qxe4+ 6. Be2 Qxg6 and Black is up a knight for a pawn.
Instead White should simply retreat the knight and give back the pawn. 4. Nf3 Qxe4 5. Be7 and White can be happy with their development lead. Black's queen can be kicked by Nc3, and their f6 pawn is hampering their knight's development.
History
[edit | edit source]The Damiano whose name is saddled with this opening blunder is 16th century chess theoretician Pedro Damiano, who didn't endorse this opening but refuted it and recommended the more reputable 2...Nc6 instead. More flattering would be to call the reply 3. Nxe5! Damiano's gambit instead.
Damiano is not the only chess legend to be tarred by association with this opening however. Bobby Fischer only drew to this opening as White in an simul in 1964. His opponent Robert McGregor played the 3...Qe7 line, which Fischer navigated correctly but he misplayed his advantage in the middle game and had to settle for a draw.[1]
The Damiano defence is an instructive illustration of the weakness of the e8-h5 and e1-h4 diagonals. As Ben Finegold instructs us, "Never play f6/f3." It is hyperbole to say never, but good practice to always think twice, three times before one does―and especially if one's king is still in the centre.
Theory table
[edit | edit source]
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 f6
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Damiano defence |
Nxe5 fxe5? |
Qh5+ g6 |
Qxe5+ Qe7 |
Qxh8 Qxe4+ |
Kd1 Ne7 |
+- |
| ... ... |
... Ke7 |
Qxe5+ Kf7 |
Bc4+ d5 |
Bxd5+ Kg6 |
+- | |
| ... Qe7 |
Nf3 Qxe4+ |
Be2 d5 |
O-O Ne7 |
Nc3 Qe6 |
± |
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ a b Monokrousso, Dennis (2005-04-05). "Bobby Fischer and Damiano's Defense". Dennis M's Chess Site. Retrieved 2025-05-16.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Youtube:
- Copeland,Sam (2019). Damiano's Defense Chess Opening Trap: Sac A Knight On Move Three!.
- Perunovic, Miodrag (2019). Chess For Beginners: Killing Damiano's Defense.
- Rozman, Levy (2022). WORST OPENING In Chess...
- Volclus (2022). WIN IN 3 - The Damiano Trap.
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