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Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. Bb5
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Position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN)
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| Moves: 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. Bb5 | |
| Parent: Sicilian defence with 2.d6 | |
3. Bb5+ · Moscow variation
[edit | edit source]3. Bb5+ is the Moscow variation. White develops their bishop with a tempo. White's kingside is now developed, so they are ready to castle. One plan for White is to set up a Maróczy bind, where they control d5 with pawns on both e4 and c4, and not wishing to have the king's bishop stuck behind the c4 pawn, they exchanging it first. Alternatively, they may plan to play for the centre with c3 and d4, Ruy López-style.
Black must get out of the check. In order of popularity, their legal options are:
3...Bd7 is the mainline. Black compels the exchange of bishops, after which Black can take back with either the knight or the queen. 4...Qxd7 is sharper, retaining the option of ...Nc6 to control d5.
3...Nd7 is an alternative. White doesn't usually elect to take the knight, which would allow Black the bishop pair. Instead, 4. d4 is popular: White can open the centre and recapture with the queen, who cannot be chased away now by Nc6.
3...Nc6 blocks the check by developing the knight to its natural square. The knight is pinned and cannot influence the centre yet, so Black usually intends 4...Bd7. White may trade bishop for knight and double Black's pawns (4. Bxc6 bxc6) but 4. O-O is more common. After 4...Bd7, Bxc6 would no longer lead to doubling Black's pawns, so if provoked to move the bishop, White will usually retreat it, e.g. 5. Re1 a6 6. Bf1.
Finally, 3...Qd7?? just blunders the queen, of course.
History
[edit | edit source]The Moscow variation is also known as the Canal-Sokolsky attack after Alexey Sokolsky and Esteban Canal who began playing it in the 1940s. It is a popular sideline where White wishes to avoid the mainline Open Sicilians involving d4 cxd4 Nxd4.
The name "Moscow variation" could come from several events in Moscow where the opening was played. One such is the 1947 Chigorin Memorial, where this line was played twice by Sokolsky,[1] though earlier games are known.
It is a close "cousin" to 2...Nc6 3. Bb5, known as the Rossolimo variation. Nicolas Rossolimo also played 2...d6 3. Bb5+, and some databases give Rossolimo as an alternate name for the Moscow (e.g. Chess365.com list 2...d6 3. Bb5+ as "Canal-Sokolsky (Nimzovich-Rossolimo, Moscow) attack").
Garry Kasparov played this line in Kasparov versus the World, a consultation game where he played against moves chosen by online vote, which Kasparov described as the hardest-fought game of his career and "the greatest game in the history of chess."[2]
Theory table
[edit | edit source]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Sokolsky v. Botvinnik, 1947 - Chessgames.com; Sokolsky v. Plater, 1947 - Chessgames.com
- ↑ Harding, Tim (2002). 64 Great Chess Games. Dublin: Chess Mail. ISBN 0-9538536-4-0.Harding, T. (2002). 64 Great Chess Games, Dublin: Chess Mail. ISBN 0-9538536-4-0.
See also
[edit | edit source]- Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
With 2...g6:
With other 2nd moves for Black:
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